This course explores the modernization process in the Ottoman Empire and how those transformations were reflected in the making of modern Turkey. Although there is a chronological frame, the course is organized as modules focusing on certain themes. Throughout six modules, modernization of the state apparatus, integration to the global economy, transformation of the cities, modern forms of art and changes in social life will be discussed. Students will become familiar with the political reforms of the late Ottoman period, Ottoman political and intellectual figures of the modern era, changes in social structure with the process of modernization, demographic structure of the cities, urban planning, cultural life and lastly wars which triggered change in various areas. These topics will be covered through the primary and secondary sources.